Low Rank Tensor Methods in Galerkin-based Isogeometric Analysis

Angelos Mantzaflaris, Bert Jüttler, Boris N. Khoromskij, and Ulrich Langer

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Submission date: 14. Jun. 2016 (revised version: November 2016)
Pages: 35
published in: Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering, 316 (2017), p. 1062-1085 
DOI number (of the published article): 10.1016/j.cma.2016.11.013
Bibtex
MSC-Numbers: 65F30, 65F50, 65N35, 65F10
Keywords and phrases: isogeometric analysis, low rank approximation, stiffness matrix, tensor decomposition, kronecker product, numerical quadrature
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Abstract:
The global (patch-wise) geometry map, which describes the computational domain, is a new feature in isogeometric analysis. This map has a global tensor structure, inherited from the parametric spline geometry representation. The use of this global structure in the discretization of partial differential equations may be regarded as a drawback at first glance, as opposed to the purely local nature of (high-order) classical finite elements. In this work we demonstrate that it is possible to exploit the regularity of this structure and to identify the great potential for the efficient implementation of isogeometric discretizations. First, we formulate tensor-product B-spline bases as well as the corresponding mass and stiffness matrices as tensors in order to reveal their intrinsic structure. Second, we derive an algorithm for the the separation of variables in the integrands arising in the discretization. This is possible by means of low rank approximation of the integral kernels. We arrive at a compact, separated representation of the integrals. The separated form implies an expression of Galerkin matrices as Kronecker products of matrix factors with small dimensions. This representation is very appealing, due to the reduction in both memory consumption and computation times. Our benchmarks, performed using the C++ library G+Smo, demonstrate that the use of tensor methods in isogeometric analysis possesses significant advantages.