Preprint 74/2017

Coarse-graining and the Blackwell Order

Johannes Rauh, Pradeep Kumar Banerjee, Eckehard Olbrich, Jürgen Jost, Nils Bertschinger, and David Wolpert

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Submission date: 10. Nov. 2017
Pages: 14
published in: Entropy, 19 (2017) 10, art-no. 527 
DOI number (of the published article): 10.3390/e19100527
Bibtex
MSC-Numbers: 62B15, 94A15, 94A17
Keywords and phrases: Channel preorders, Blackwell order, degradation order, garbling, more capable, coarse-graining
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Link to arXiv: See the arXiv entry of this preprint.

Abstract:
Suppose we have a pair of information channels, κ12, with a common input. The Blackwell order is a partial order over channels that compares κ1 and κ2 by the maximal expected utility an agent can obtain when decisions are based on the channel outputs. Equivalently, κ1 is said to be Blackwell-inferior to κ2 if and only if κ1 can be constructed by garbling the output of κ2. A related partial order stipulates that κ2 is more capable than κ1 if the mutual information between the input and output is larger for κ2 than for κ1 for any distribution over inputs. A Blackwell-inferior channel is necessarily less capable. However, examples are known where κ1 is less capable than κ2 but not Blackwell-inferior. We show that this may even happen when κ1 is constructed by coarse-graining the inputs of κ2. Such a coarse-graining is a special kind of “pre-garbling” of the channel inputs. This example directly establishes that the expected value of the shared utility function for the coarse-grained channel is larger than it is for the non-coarse-grained channel. This contradicts the intuition that coarse-graining can only destroy information and lead to inferior channels. We also discuss our results in the context of information decompositions.

26.04.2023, 02:21